|
General speed limits in Germany are set by the federal government. All limits are multiples of 5 km/h. There are two default speed limits: 50 km/h (31 mph) inside built-up areas and 100 km/h (62 mph) outside built-up areas. While parts of the autobahns and many other freeway-style highways have a posted limits up to 130 km/h (81 mph) based on accident experience, congestion and other factors, many rural sections have no general speed limit. The German Highway Code (''Straßenverkehrsordnung'') section on speed begins with the requirement 〔http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/__3.html〕 which may be rendered in English: Any person driving a vehicle may only drive so fast that the car is under control. Speeds must be adapted to the road, traffic, visibility and weather conditions as well as the personal skills and characteristics of the vehicle and load. This requirement applies to all roads, and is similar to the "reasonable speed" legal obligation levied in other nations. Speed limits are enforced with a small tolerance. Driving merely 3 km/h (2 mph) or faster above the posted or implied speed limit is considered a punishable infraction in Germany. The speeding fines are set by federal law (''Bußgeldkatalog'', schedule of fines).〔(Bußgeldkatalog )〕 == History == The Nazi-era Road Traffic Act of 28 May 1934 imposed the first nationwide speed limit: maximum in urban areas, but no limit on rural highways or autobahns. In October 1939, the Nazis further throttled speeds in order to conserve fuel: in urban areas, elsewhere. After the war, the four Allied occupation zones established their own speed limits until the divided East German and West German republics were constituted in 1949; initially, the Nazi speed limits were restored in both East and West Germany. In December 1952 the West German legislature voted to abolish ''all'' speed limits, seeing them as Nazi relics, reverting to State-level decisions. However, rising traffic fatalities led to a partial reversal: an urban speed limit of became effective September 1, 1957, despite resistance by the German Auto Club.〔http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-43064362.html〕〔http://www.guvu.de/cms/wp-content/uploads/holz-rau-guvu.pdf〕 By 1970, fatalities had climbed to over 19,000; in 1972 a general rural speed limit of went into effect—except on motorways. At 14 November 1983 the Hamburg suburb of Buxtehude had the first implementation of limits in residential areas,〔http://www.zeit.de/1984/11/schonzeit-fuer-fussgaenger/komplettansicht〕 a concept that became popular.〔http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13516880.html〕 East Germany's safety efforts primarily focused on restrictive traffic regulation; for examples, zero alcohol tolerance, on autobahns and outside cities. Within two years after German reunification in 1990, the availability of high-powered vehicles and a 54% increase in motorized traffic led to a doubling of annual traffic deaths, ''despite'' interim continuation of prior speed restrictions. An extensive program of the four Es (enforcement, education, engineering, and emergency response) brought the number of traffic deaths back to pre-unification levels after ten years while traffic regulations were conformed to western standards (e.g., 130 km/h (81 mph) Autobahn advisory limit, 100 km/h (62 mph) on other rural roads, and 0.5 milligrams BAC. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Speed limits in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|